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Revision as of 14:43, 3 October 2017
Saxon words
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| Saxon word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Æðeling | ath-el-ing | Prince, minor king |
| Aðfultum | ath-ful-tum | Oath-helpers in a court of law |
| Bot | boot | Fine, penalty, compensation |
| Botless | boot-less | Unpardonable |
| Bretwalda | bret-walda | literally “Wielder of Britons”; High King |
| Burh | burg | Fortified town |
| Byrde | bird-eh | Well born, noble |
| Ceorl | churl | Freeman, farmer or crafter |
| Cniht | k-nekt | Boy, servant (modern “knight”) |
| Cwene | kween-eh | Woman, queen |
| Cyning | kin-ing | King |
| Cynn | kin | Family (modern “kin”) |
| Dome | doom-eh | Judgment, fate |
| Ealdorrnan | al-der-man | Local lord (modern earl/count) |
| Feorrn | firm | Food tax for the cyning |
| Folcgemot | folk-yeh-moot | Folk assembly, fair; jury |
| Frig | freeg | Earth goddess |
| Fyrd | feerd | Levy of all men capable of bearing arms |
| Gerefa | ye-ree-fa | King’s deputy: reeve or sheriff (“shire-reeve") |
| Gesið | ye-sith | “Companion”; king’s noble (a thegn, ealdorman, or just companion) |
| Godere | god-ay-reh | Pagan |
| Healsfang | haals-vang | One-tenth of a wergild |
| Heord | herd | A herd of animals, or a herdsman |
| Heorðgeneat | herth-ye-na-aht (Norse “Huscarl”) | "Heart companion", a lords bodyguard |
| Heorðwerod | herth-wer-od | a unit of heorageneats |
| Hide | hi-deh | Land enough to feed one ceorl and his cynn; about 120 acres |
| Hundred | hund-red | A community of 100 ceorls and their families |
| lrrninsul | ear-min-sul (Norse “Yggdrasil”) | The world-tree |
| Niðing | nith-ing | Coward, wretch, outlaw |
| Scildburh | shild-burg | Soldiers in a “shieldwall” formation |
| Scilling | shil-ling | Silver coin worth around 20 denarii |
| Scop | shahp (Norse “Skald”) | Poet, troubadour |
| Stead | sted (Norse “Gaard”) | Farm, village |
| Ðegn | thayn (Norse “Thane”, “Herse”) | Warrior-noble; Warrior-noble; equates to knight |
| Ðeod | thee-odd (Norse “Haerad”) | Tribe, race, earldom, kingdom, people |
| Ðeow | thee-o (Norse “Thrall”) | Slave |
| Ðunor | thoon-or (Norse “Thor”) | Storm-god |
| Ut laga | oot-law-guh | Outlaw |
| Wælcyrige | wall-kih-ree-yuh (Norse “Valkyrie”) | Warrior-maidens of Wotan |
| Wealh | waalc | Foreigner, slave, miscreant, Briton ("Welsh") |
| Wecg | wedj | warriors in a “wedge” formation |
| Wergild | wear-gild (Norse “Mansbot”) | The worth, in coin, of a man's life |
| Wicca | wich-ah | Male magician |
| Wicce | wich-eh | female magicians, witch |
| Wigfruma | wig-froom-a | War-leader |
| Wotan | woh-tan (Norse “Odin”) | Ruling god, magician |
| Wryhta | rhit-ah | Crafter (modern “Wright”) |
| Wyrd | wird | Inexplicable, implacable fate (modern "weird") |