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|Header=Saxon words
|Header=Saxon words
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|image=Saxon-runes.jpeg
|Categories=Language, Saxon
|Categories=Language, Saxon
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Latest revision as of 14:45, 3 October 2017

Saxon words

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Saxon word Pronunciation Meaning
Æðeling ath-el-ing Prince, minor king
Aðfultum ath-ful-tum Oath-helpers in a court of law
Bot boot Fine, penalty, compensation
Botless boot-less Unpardonable
Bretwalda bret-walda literally “Wielder of Britons”; High King
Burh burg Fortified town
Byrde bird-eh Well born, noble
Ceorl churl Freeman, farmer or crafter
Cniht k-nekt Boy, servant (modern “knight”)
Cwene kween-eh Woman, queen
Cyning kin-ing King
Cynn kin Family (modern “kin”)
Dome doom-eh Judgment, fate
Ealdorrnan al-der-man Local lord (modern earl/count)
Feorrn firm Food tax for the cyning
Folcgemot folk-yeh-moot Folk assembly, fair; jury
Frig freeg Earth goddess
Fyrd feerd Levy of all men capable of bearing arms
Gerefa ye-ree-fa King’s deputy: reeve or sheriff (“shire-reeve")
Gesið ye-sith “Companion”; king’s noble (a thegn, ealdorman, or just companion)
Godere god-ay-reh Pagan
Healsfang haals-vang One-tenth of a wergild
Heord herd A herd of animals, or a herdsman
Heorðgeneat herth-ye-na-aht (Norse “Huscarl”) "Heart companion", a lords bodyguard
Heorðwerod herth-wer-od a unit of heorageneats
Hide hi-deh Land enough to feed one ceorl and his cynn; about 120 acres
Hundred hund-red A community of 100 ceorls and their families
lrrninsul ear-min-sul (Norse “Yggdrasil”) The world-tree
Niðing nith-ing Coward, wretch, outlaw
Scildburh shild-burg Soldiers in a “shieldwall” formation
Scilling shil-ling Silver coin worth around 20 denarii
Scop shahp (Norse “Skald”) Poet, troubadour
Stead sted (Norse “Gaard”) Farm, village
Ðegn thayn (Norse “Thane”, “Herse”) Warrior-noble; Warrior-noble; equates to knight
Ðeod thee-odd (Norse “Haerad”) Tribe, race, earldom, kingdom, people
Ðeow thee-o (Norse “Thrall”) Slave
Ðunor thoon-or (Norse “Thor”) Storm-god
Ut laga oot-law-guh Outlaw
Wælcyrige wall-kih-ree-yuh (Norse “Valkyrie”) Warrior-maidens of Wotan
Wealh waalc Foreigner, slave, miscreant, Briton ("Welsh")
Wecg wedj warriors in a “wedge” formation
Wergild wear-gild (Norse “Mansbot”) The worth, in coin, of a man's life
Wicca wich-ah Male magician
Wicce wich-eh female magicians, witch
Wigfruma wig-froom-a War-leader
Wotan woh-tan (Norse “Odin”) Ruling god, magician
Wryhta rhit-ah Crafter (modern “Wright”)
Wyrd wird Inexplicable, implacable fate (modern "weird")